Job Description

Job Description Job Description Home›Descriptive Posts›Job Description Descriptive PostsJob Description â€" International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)Title: Human Resource ManagerReports to:  Chief Executive Officer, New YorkBased at:  International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), New YorkJob purpose:To plan and execute human resource management duties and responsibilities, in order to uphold and advance human resources’ effectiveness in the organization according to established corporate policies.Key Responsibilities and AccountabilitiesPlan, develop and execute human resource management and development strategy: comprising of wages and conditions, discipline, selection and employment procedure, complaint, training, counseling, contracts, development, motivation, contracts, counseling, quality management, culture development, performance evaluationsCreate and maintain and suitable methods for gauging essential features of Human resource growth in the organizationObserve, gauge an d report on Human Resource matters, chances and development strategies and attainments within approved set-ups and periodsDevelop and manage direct reporting workers, and ensure diversity and cultural development among employees in the businessControl and manage departmental expenses within approved budgets of the organizationLink with other departmental managers in order to comprehend all essential facets and requirements of human resource development, and to make certain they are completely well-versed with HR aims, purposes and accomplishmentsUphold consciousness and understanding of present human growth theory and approaches and offer appropriate explanation to managers, directors and personnel within the businessAssist in the assessment and improvement of human resource plan and routine in collaboration with the managerial team of the companyEnsure actions meet with and incorporate with organizational necessities for excellent organization, fitness and safety, lawful conditions , environmental strategies and overall responsibility of maintenance in within the companyPerform the tasks of a business administrator in accordance with legal and moral valuesCollaborate with other relevant departments in order to organize seminars and conferences on human resource development in the organizationOversee employment processes in the organization by going through the applications, shortlisting and preparing for interviews and correspondenceAdvise the organizational departments on employment rules and regulations and occasional salary reviews and adjustments in the companyCounsel workers in the organization in accordance with various issues at hand in the organizationEnsure quality management of business and effective motivation of the employees in the business towards excellent performanceRequirementsPossess a Bachelor’s degree in Human Resource Management, Business Administration or any other related fieldShould have a post graduate degree or Master’s degree in Human Resource, Business Administration or any other related field.should have minimum experience of 5 years in a similar positionGood communication and leadership skillsInnovative and team building skillsHave excellent computer skillsHave fluent working languages English, FrenchShould demonstrate high level of commitment and corporationCapable of working independently under minimum supervisionHave integrity and hard workPossess excellent analytical thinking skillsShould be capable of taking initiativeShould have excellent performanceShould have customer attentionHave excellent knowledge on business laws and regulationsDate and other relevant internal referencesThose who meet the above requirements and qualifications should submit their applications, with relevant testimonials and salary expectations online before July 1, 2011. Applications are done online through the following e-mail address; intbusmco@ibn.us.orgDate posted: 22nd May, 2011Deadline: 1st July, 2011Part 2: CommentsEqu al Employment Opportunity (EEO) is an initiative that ensures that employment by organizations is done equally to all groups of people regardless of their racial, religious, gender abilities and political affiliations. Many organizations today have incorporated the initiative in their systems; hence making employment fair and diverse. Nonetheless, there are certain challenges associated with Equal Employment Opportunity.To start with, the initiative encourages discrimination against certain groups in the workplace. For example, sometimes, the physically handicapped are looked down in the workforce. This happens when duties and responsibilities are being shared in the organization, as the physically challenged are assigned light duties since they are underestimated. Female workers are also limited to lower positions as they are seen as incapable of carrying out sophisticated tasks. Moreover, female workers are looked down upon to an extent that they are sexually harassed by the senio r members who perceive them as sexual objects.Equal Employment Opportunity also poses a challenge to an organization as it forces it to hire certain group of people. The consideration given to diversity and equality makes an organization hire unqualified staff at the expense of the competent ones. For that reason, the organization will perform ineffectively due to incompetent workforce. What is more, people still face racism in foreign countries as they are lowly regarded. Although the policy is meant to control racism work places, immigrants and foreigners are discriminated in new counties. In fact some are denied job opportunities or given inferior opportunities in various organizations. Furthermore, those who get employment chances in foreign countries are segregated by the natives. In fact, there are certain places that are only occupied by the immigrants, and face challenging economic times because of the high costs of living in the foreign countries.In conclusion, although it was aimed at eradicating of discrimination during employment process, the Equal Employment Opportunity policy poses certain challenges to organizations. Therefore, there is need to revisit the policy so as to reduce the challenges associated with it. As a result, the organizations will realize effectiveness and improved business performance.

Magical Realism and Fantastic Sublime in Laura Esquivels...

Magical Realism and Fantastic Sublime in Laura Esquivels Like Water for Chocolate The different elements of the story Like Water for Chocolate are amazing. The feelings that go through a person upon listening, watching, and tasting events that happen during this story of the Spanish familys lives. The customs of this family were so unorthodox. This story is fantastic sublime and magical realism combined. Laura Esquivel wrote this novel in 1992. The nationality of the people in the novel was Mexican. A person can tell by the way expressions were made and the things that were done in the story. The novel has many fantastic sublime elements as well as magical realism. The elements of the story that stick out in a persons mind are the†¦show more content†¦Love is magical any way one looks at it. However, the love Tita felt in this story would also seem to be considered sublime. Titas feelings were inhuman about Pedro. How could anyone love a person as much as Tita did and say anything? Society today has never heard of such a thing. Everyone seems to say what he or she feels or doesnt feel. It doesnt matter to him or her. Tita turned all of her feelings into cooking. The magical way Titas feelings went into the cake batter. As she mixed it she cried and the tears dropped into it the bowl. The cake was baked, and people who ate it reflected each ones feelings toward each other. The cooking had a mystical power that seemed to have some magical realism involved because of all the strange happenings due to the cooking. However, the cooking seemed to have the essence of the sublime which involves the inhuman image of silence of the sublime. The inner feeling of a person that has a boundary or threshold inside of them ready to ignite was what happened to the shower when Titas sister was in it. The threshold of the inner feelings of this girl was exploding. During her shower, the inner feelings of passion exploded, and flames from the passion that she was feeling caused the shower to catch on fire. In the excitement of the burning shower house, the girl ran out of the shower without any clothes, not even a towel. The magical realism was all the passion the girl had inside her that just erupted

The American Justice System Is Corrupt - 1536 Words

Do you believe that everyone should be free? Well the thing is that America is really taking that away from people who have done something wrong even when it s for petty stuff like writing a bad check. Some stuff is understandable like murder or other stuff, but some is outrageous. The American prison population has been absolutely ridiculous; it s crazy for the U.S. To have such high prison rates. The more you know about it the more frustrating it gets, and if you ask almost anyone you would think so too. The only people who might agree are big business s owners like American Express and Bank of American. The American justice system is corrupt. In the 80 s, the rising number of people locked up as a result of the War on Drugs and the wave of privatization that occurred under the Reagan Administration saw the rise of the for-profit industry. Prior to the 80 s, private prisons did not exist is the US. In a 2011 report by the ACLU, it is claimed that the rise of profit prison industry is a major contributor to mass incarceration, along with the stuffed state budgets. Louisiana, for example, has the highest rate of incarceration I in the world with the majority of its prisoners being privatized prisons, profit facilities. Such institutions could face economic failure without a steady influx of prisoners. A 2013 Bloomberg report states that in the past decade the number of inmates in for-profit prisons through the U.S. Rose 44 percent. Corporations who operate prisons,Show MoreRelatedDisadvantages of Mexicos Economy1338 Words   |  6 Pageswealthier of the two nations due to the value of the Peso compared to the value of the dollar, the corrupt status of the Mexican justice system and government, and Mexico’s lack of natural resources. The value of the Mexican peso is significantly less than the American dollar. 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The Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) reported different issues concerning bribery and illegal payments by United Sates companies. The FCPA states that it’s unlawful to make payments to foreign officials; having a corrupt intend

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Free Essays

There are many characters that are named in Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery†. Mr. Summers, a kindly man who runs a coal business, Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lottery by Shirley Jackson or any similar topic only for you Order Now Martin and his sons, Baxter and Bobby. There is Mr. Graves, the man who helped Mr. Summers prepare the lottery, and Old Man Warner. There is Mr. Hutchinson, Mrs. Hutchinson, and their daughter Eva and son-in-law, Don—just to name a few. And although Jackson’s story has many characters, she is most interested in the social phenomenon of the lottery than she is in the characters, themselves. Instead, the characters serve as a means to depict â€Å"a graphic demonstration of the pointless violence and general inhumanity in people’s lives† (213). From the start of the story, throughout, and in the end, Jackson defines her view of society’s insouciant attitude toward violence with the villagers’ apathetic way of life. Every year on June 27th, the families of the village (and of other towns, too) gather in the center of town and participate in a lottery which culminates with the stoning death of a member of one of the families. This heinous tale takes place amid a pleasant setting, â€Å"The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green† (213). She writes of the children playing and little boys gathering stones that are stockpiled and guarded and ready for the kill. Jackson stupefies the reader as she describes how the lottery is meticulously prepared by Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves, with such pomp and circumstance: â€Å"There was a great deal of fussing to be done before Mr. Summers declared the lottery open† (214). Then there’s poor Mrs. Hutchinson, who, in her ominous late arrival, is greeted by Mr. Summers, â€Å"Thought we were going to have to get on without you, Tessie†, and she jokingly replies, â€Å"Wouldn’t have me leave m’dishes in the sink, now would you, Joe? † (215). It is this kind of small-talk among the villagers that makes this incredulous social phenomenon more significant than the characters. As fate would have it, Mr. Hutchinson draws the slip of paper with the black dot on it. â€Å"You didn’t give him time enough to take any paper he wanted. I saw you. It wasn’t fair! † (217). Fair? Because her husband draws the paper with the black dot on it, it is inevitable that someone from her family or even herself, will be stoned to death. â€Å"Be a good sport, Tessie. All of us took the same chance† (217). Even the innocent children are included in the lottery. Do these people have any sense of right or wrong? Tessie Hutchinson draws the paper with the black dot on it. Her neighbors, her friends, â€Å"and someone gave little Davy Hutchinson a few pebbles† (218), with which to hurl upon his mother. This sick ritual spares no one. The mere thought of this annual lottery is mind-boggling. The matter-of-fact way in which the villagers carried themselves throughout the event as though they are conducting an election of some sort is unconscionable. Jackson’s writing is brimming with obdurate expressions. As the stoning begins, â€Å"All right, folks, let’s finish quickly†, (218). They want to â€Å"be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner† (213). Unbelievable. Hello Lisa, I really enjoyed the insight you offered in your journal. You make very good use of the book by including a great number of citations in your essay and your vocabulary definitely adds to the reader’s understanding of your journal and the passage overall. While you have ample evidence to support your claims throughout your entry, I found a few grammatical and technical errors that I would like to point out: 1. ) â€Å"And although Jackson’s story has many characters, she is most interested in the social phenomenon of the lottery than she is in the characters, themselves. – You do not need a comma before â€Å"themselves†, as a comma separates the thoughts and almost prepares the reader for a new thought. 2. ) â€Å"She writes of the children playing and little boys gathering stones that are stockpiled and guarded and ready for the kill. † – A better way of writing this could be: â€Å"She writes of children playing and gathering stones to be stockpiled, guarded, and readied for the kill. † 3. ) â€Å"Jackson stupefies the reader as she describes how the lottery is meticulously prepared by Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves, with such pomp and circumstance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Again, you do not need a comma before â€Å"with such pomp and circumstance†, as you are not introducing a new thought. 4. ) Putting â€Å"unbelievable† at the end of your journal weakens it a little bit as you do not further the claim and give it some evidence. Overall, I think you did a really great job answering the question and giving solid evidence to your claims. From your journal essay, I was able to see that the social phenomenon that the writer is talking about is the desensitizing of our culture as a whole! Good work and good luck for the rest of the semester! How to cite The Lottery by Shirley Jackson, Essay examples The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Free Essays The Lottery by Shirley Jackson tells an intriguing, thought-provoking and disturbing story, by using conventions of symbolism, dialogue and foreshadowing. The conventions used help bring together, emphasize and create meaning for the reader, that people blindly follow traditions that have lost meaning . Jackson has cleverly used symbolism in the short story to form a multifaceted meaning that challenges the readers to broaden their thoughts in regards to the tradition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lottery by Shirley Jackson or any similar topic only for you Order Now The convention of dialogue misleads the reader at the beginning to think that the community spirit is strong but toward the end it reveals dispute and injustice. Foreshadowing subtly and progressively gives the reader captivating clues to the unfolding event. â€Å"The Lottery† tells a fascinating story about an unrevealed village which blindly follows an annual tradition passed down from long ago. This tradition involves the whole community of about 300 people, one of which is stoned to death. Shirley Jackson has combined the convention of symbolism into ‘The Lottery’ to create a deep and more profound meaning. The black box a symbol/ icon used in the story is an old, worn, well used box. This box is an important feature of the villagers’ annual tradition. For example, â€Å"Mr Summers spoke frequently to the villagers about making a new box, but no one liked to upset even as much tradition as was represented by the black box†. The box is so important that the people are too frightened to renew the box in case the tradition is lost, even though the meaning has already gone. The reader infers that the colour of the box, which is black, is to allow them to easily depict the idea of death, as the colour black usually correlates with death. The black box is symbolic of a coffin as they both are a form of a box. The black box is described in detail. â€Å"The black box grew shabbier each year, by now it was no longer completely black but splintered badly along one side to show the original wood colour, and in some places faded or stained† A coffin in the ground is there for many years and in that time it becomes dilapidated, this gives an impression of an end to a life, death. The dialogue leads the reader to believe there is a real sense of community spirit among everyone, people converse easily in a friendly and matter of fact manner. Even laughing and joking. Clean forgot what day it was,† she said to Mrs Delacroix, who stood next to her and they both laughed softly. â€Å"Thought my old man was out back stacking wood†¦. and then I looked the window†¦. and then I remembered it was the 27th and came a running. † The community act and talk so casually about such a disgusting tradition because they have forgotten the meaning of why they are doing it. The continu ing dialogue hints to the reader an idea that something is about to take place, it may be exciting but not unpleasant or disturbing. Until towards the end when the characters dialogue change from casual to disagreements, anger and unfairness, this then alerts the reader to an uneasy feeling that something is wrong all is not what is seems. A climax is about to take place, ending with desperation in Tessie’s voice. â€Å"It isn’t fair† she said. But they don’t realize what harm they are actually doing to the communities well being. The title ‘The Lottery’ foreshadows of what is to come. This convention is used to imply winning whether it is money or a material prize. The word lottery is usually associated with winning. The story begins with the gathering together in expectation of something that will take place as the story unfolds. â€Å"a sudden hush fell on the crowd as Mr. summers cleared his throat and looked at the list. â€Å"All ready? † he called â€Å"now, I’ll read the names†¦. and the men come up and take a paper out of the box. Keep the paper folded in your hand† the reader still is unaware of the winner as no hints have been aroused. The villagers do not even know the meaning as to why they are coming up and receiving a slip to maybe be the one to die. The event is important to the villagers but no one knows why, as in the end the winner is actually not a winner but a loser. â€Å"It’s Tessie,† Mr. Summers said, his voice was hushed† this quote gives the hint that whoever is the so called winner is not such a good thing. This normal calendar event actually has no meaning it is senseless tradition carried out by the village people who have not stopped to question ‘why are we doing this’. Shirley Jackson has effectively used narrative conventions such as symbolism, dialogue and foreshadowing to create meaning of a meaningless tradition in the short story ‘The Lottery’. Symbolism is used in the story to create a meaningful plot, dialogue was combined into the ‘the lottery’ to fool the reader into thinking the climax would be civilized and humane when it was not and foreshadowing hints to the reader the climax but keeps it unknown. ‘The Lottery’ is a captivating, sickening and unpredictable story with a clever meaning about it, telling the reader of meaningless traditions being held by a small community. How to cite The Lottery by Shirley Jackson, Essay examples The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Free Essays â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson opens on a warm June day in a town of about three hundred people, and describes an annual event in the town, a tradition that is apparently widespread among surrounding villages as well. While the townspeople, more than 300, await the arrival of Mr. Summers, and the black wooden box from which everyone is to draw a folded slip of paper, adults chat while children play a game in which they gather stones. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lottery by Shirley Jackson or any similar topic only for you Order Now The event for which they gather is a lottery conducted by Mr. Summers, a neatly dressed, jovial business man with a wife, but no children. Although many traditional customs associated with the lottery seemed to have been lost over time, Mr. Summers still has †a great deal of fussing to be done† before he declares the lottery open. He has created lists of households, including the heads of households in each family, and members of each household in each family. Just as Mr. Summers turned to the assembled villagers, Mrs. Tessie Hutchinson, a house wife, arrives late just then, telling Mrs. Delacroix that she â€Å"Clean forgot what day it was† until she noticed that her children had left her house, and remembered it was the day of the lottery. Mrs. Tessie Hutchinson than makes her way through the crowd to her husband, while the villagers comment on her arrival. Mr. Summers begins the necessity of confirming everyone’s attendance, and clarifying whom will represent the family. When everything is finalized , each representative is called up one after another, and nervously draws a folded slip of paper from the black box. While people are called up, one of the villagers presents the idea of other towns giving up the lottery. Old Man Warner snorts in reply, â€Å"Pack of crazy fools, Listening to young folks, nothing’s good enough for them. Next thing you know, they’ll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody work anymore, live that way for awhile. Used to be a saying about ‘Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon.’ First thing you know, we’d all be eating stewed chickweed and acorns. There’s always been a lottery.† This statement sets the importance of this annual event, and the strong beliefs of the town. When the big moment arrives, everyone is silent until the name of Bill Hutchinson rapidly spreads throughout the crowd. Tessie Hutchinson, Bill’s wife, shouts out to Mr. Summers that he didn’t give Bill enough time, and that its not fair. Tessie is silenced, and Mr. summers recons for the family of Bill Hutchinson to come forward. Bill, Tessie, and their three children than proceed as every family of the lottery ever has, and draws a new folded piece of paper from the black box. One by one the family unfolds their piece of paper to determine the sacrificed. Tessie Hutchinson , the declared winner, was led to the center of a cleared space, and with her hands desperately held out in front of her she was hit with the first stone. Everyone then closed in on her, picked up the rocks, the â€Å"proceeds† of the lottery, and stones her to death. â€Å"Although the villagers had forgotten the ritual, and lost the original black box, they still remembered to use stones.à ¢â‚¬  How to cite The Lottery by Shirley Jackson, Essay examples The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Free Essays â€Å"Children will watch anything, and when a broadcaster uses crime and violence and other shoddy devices to monopolize a child’s attention,† (Newton N. Minow). To clarify, this quote represents how easy it is to manipulate children’s minds to do exactly what you want. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lottery by Shirley Jackson or any similar topic only for you Order Now In The fiction short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, by Shirley Jackson children are also manipulated by their elders to carry on the tradition of stoning a person at random annually in their village of 300 people. Jackson foreshadows that death is going to occur. Foreshadowing is a literary device in which an author gives a vague indication of what is going to happen later in a story. Jackson creates foreshadowing by the illustration of the black box, the explanation of a child’s pocket, and the dialogue between Tessie and Mrs. Delacroix. To begin, Jackson foreshadows that death is going to occur by the illustration of the black box. In the passage, the black box is getting ready to be used by Mr. Summers. â€Å"The black box now resting,† (Jackson,1). This quote literally means that the box is sitting upon the stool. However, the word â€Å"black† has a negative connotation. It commonly symbolizes death and sorrow. Also, â€Å"box† latently means a sarcophagus. It is where the dead â€Å"rest† after death has struck them, and where they will stay for the rest of the eternity. Jackson creates foreshadowing through the connotation. This quote makes the overall feeling sad and even death like. To summarize, Jackson foreshadows death by the black box being on top of a stool. Moreover, Jackson foreshadows that death is going to occur by the explanation of a child’s pocket. In the short story, Some of the children are gathering stones. â€Å"Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones,† (Jackson, 1). The literal meaning of â€Å"stuffed† is â€Å"packed† or â€Å"gorged. On the other hand, the word â€Å"stuffed† is also a term given to a dead animal that has been treated, so it would be preserved. And like many animals that are stuffed they die a savage and horrible death. Jackson uses foreshadowing through the diction put forward from the quote. Much like how animals are killed ruthlessly Tessie Hutchinson is also murdered the same way. To clarify, Jackson uses foreshadowing by the fullness of a child’s pocket. Furthermore, Jackson foreshadows that death is going to occur by the dialogue between Tessie and Mrs. Delacroix. In the text, Tessie has just arrived late to the lottery drawing, and is talking to Mrs. Delacroix. â€Å"She tapped Mrs. Delacroix on the arm as a farewell and began to make her way,† (Jackson, 2). Jackson uses the word â€Å"farewell,† which literally means â€Å"good bye. â€Å". Also â€Å"make her way† means that Tessie is walking away through the crowd. However, there is a deeper meaning of these words. â€Å"Farewells† are something you do at a funeral to a dead person that you once knew. It is the last time people get to see the body before the corpse is buried. Also, â€Å"make her way† means that her soul is going to leave her body, and will take a journey where it will have to either â€Å"make her way† down to Hell or up to Heaven. Jackson is creating foreshadowing through this quote; in the end of the story Tessie stoned to death, and by the diction of the quote the reader is able to infer what will happen later on in the short story. To conclude, Jackson foreshadows death by the farewell that is given by Tessie. To sum up, Jackson foreshadow the events to come; he illustrates the mysterious dark box, explains the fullness of a young boy’s pocket, and describes the conversation of Tessie and her friend. Jackson illustrates the color of the box, and how it is positioned; by doing so he foretells that there is going to be tragedy later in the story. Furthermore, by explaining the space left in a boy’s pocket, Jackson, foreshadows that the people in the village will act savagely. Lastly, the discussion that Mrs. Hutchinson had suggests that she will be leaving. The overall picture of the story is that violence is in everyone no matter how young or old. People are naturally violent, and even though people evolved from cavemen they act no differently. How to cite The Lottery by Shirley Jackson, Essay examples

Who Built The Egyptian Pyramids Essays (1404 words) - Giza Plateau

Who built the Egyptian pyramids? For centuries, the Egyptian Pyramids and the Sphinx have stood a silent testimony to a great and powerful civilization long since ground to dust. But behind the great walls of the Pyramids and this long lasting silence, mysteries are still unrevealed and the explanation of these mysteries is a set of theories based on observation and on the printed texts on the Pyramids walls. One great mystery was the one dealing with the building of the Pyramids and the Sphinx. In fact, there are two major theories (Pahl 1998) (Ashmawy 1995- 1997) explaining why the Pyramids were built. The first one states that the ancient Egyptian people built them as tombs for their great kings (Ashmawy 1995- 1997) (Cottrell 1956), and the other one is that they were built by other people more technologically advanced than us, whose purposes were much more important than building tombs for dead Kings (Bauval & Hancock 1996). There is an ancient Egyptian proverb, that says: Everything fears time, but time fears the Pyramids. They are the only Wonders of the ancient world to remain standing, which do not need to be described. Their enormous size made Herodotus the Father of the ancient history, Napoleon, Alexander the Great, and many more important invaders to stand in awe overwhelmed by the greatest structures on earth. As for the roots of the word pyramid, they are unknown for it has no origin in any language on earth (Russel & Sellier 1994). The first conventional and widely approved theory, says that the Pyramids were constructed by the Egyptian people 4500 years ago, and states that they are tombs for the dead kings. In fact, the Great Pyramid was constructed by the king Khufu to become his tomb when he dies. For instance, Pyramid building was a tradition to the old Egyptians before Khufu's age, which started as a small structure known as Mastaba (the Mastaba is an Arabic word meaning a bench), which was a small structure were the king and his personal belongings were buried. (Ashmawy 1995) (Cottrell 1956. The reason that lies beyond the building of such great structures was related to the Egyptian religion. The Egyptian religion was a very complex one, based on many after-death believes. Furthermore, through the help of the scenes, paintings, and texts that are found on the walls of the Pyramids, we conclude that the reason that led the Egyptians to build the Pyramids was to protect the body of the mummified king. Besides, the reason to mummification was due to their belief that as long as the body endured, so long the soul continued with it (Wallbank p26) not as quickening and animating it but as an attendant or guardian unwilling to leave the former habitation (Moffet p22). On the other hand, when entering the Great Pyramid, the scholars found that the king's body was missing which lead the scientists to believe that it was stolen, just like other smaller Pyramids which were found empty. Moreover, the pyramidologists got the idea that these empty Pyramids are tombs for old pharos, because there are more than seventy Pyramids found in Egypt which contained mummified bodies of old dead kings (Russel & Sellier). As for the way they were built, the scientists released a very popular theory, which states that the limestones of which the Pyramids are built, were quarried from the Mokkatam Hills, on the opposite bank of the river, and floated across in barges at flood time. Herodotus describes that as each layer of blocks was laid, an earth ramp was raised by gathering earth and stones covered with water, keeping a constant angle so that the ramp would get longer and longer as the work proceeded, on which the block was dragged up (Kemp 1989). So by putting each block on its specific site, the construction was complete in twenty years, by a hundred thousand workers, as Herodotus said. ( Kemp 1989) But is it possible that a 450 feet high, having a base of 755 feet, with 22 acres of stone bocks weighing an average of 2.5 tons each, was built with the old pharaonic civilization tools? Another group of archeologists thinks that the Pyramids could not have been built by the

Target readership Essays

Target readership Essays Target readership Paper Target readership Paper How do editors of tabloids and broadsheet newspapers use content, language, layout and images to attract and reflect their target readership? An analysis of the front pages of The Guardian and The Daily Mail from 16th March 2001. Targets: 1. To show insight into the idea of readership. 2. To analyse the way that the style and presentation are used in the media. 3. To analyse the way that language and images are used to create an impact. 4. To present and explain my opinions clearly and logically. British newspapers have been around for nearly three centuries.There are ten British national papers divided into two main categories: the tabloids and the broadsheets. The tabloids contain many articles on celebrities and gossip, some news and many large pictures. The most popular tabloids are The Sun and The Mirror (red tops). The broadsheets are larger papers and more serious. They include more news stories and cover politics and world issues. The most popular broadsheet is The Daily Telegraph. The circulation of the national papers has lowered from 15,672,431 in 1989, to 14,270,111 in 1994.This is because there is more technology today. People can receive instant news on the television, radio and internet. It is important for newspapers to know, target, attract and reflect their readership. With this information, they can write articles that interest their readers. It creates an image of what the readers are attracted to. The Guardian is a broadsheet. It is a slightly left-wing newspaper generally supporting the Government and Labour Party. According to stereotypes, people with professional jobs mainly read this paper.Statistics show that about twenty per cent of people aged 20-45 read The Guardian. The Daily Mail is one of two newspapers called the middle market dailies. It is a tabloid paper, but has a balance of news and feature articles. Stereotypes of the readers of The Daily Mail suggest that this paper is read mostly by less professional people. However, statistics prove that mostly professionals or people in junior management read The Daily Mail with a wide age group. The top of a newspaper can encourage sales if the readers are interested in what they see.As The Guardian is a very large newspaper, it is folded when in the shop so that only the top is seen by the customers. For this reason, the top of The Guardian has to be attractive and contain articles that interest its readers; Rewriting history. Why South Africas schools are stuck in the past. This is in the strapline that focuses on a different story than the main article. This suggests that the newspapers readers are interested in history and world issues, as this paper focuses on Africa and education.It seems that the editor of the newspaper wants to include all articles that its readers are interested in. The top of The Daily Mail is quite different to The Guardian. The style of the name suggests the newspaper is traditional as it has a royal crest in between. This suggests that the newspaper wants to create a traditional style paper. The main strapline reflects the readership of the newspaper; Britains farmers are suffering terribly. For them, and for the sake of our rural heritage Firstly, this shows that The Daily Mails readers are concerned about Britain and its farmers.Secondly, it shows that its readers are interested in the countryside and want to keep up the tradition of farming. The Daily Mail uses emotive language as it asks for their readers contribution to their Farm Aid Appeal. An emotional photograph is placed in the top right corner of newborn lambs, which attracts people, especially animal-lovers. This will make the readers feel sympathetic and will feel like they have to contribute to the appeal. Both papers focus on the foot and mouth story on the same day as it gives the latest information on a disease that indirectly affects almost everyone.Most cows and sheep are being killed, even if they are healthy, to try to stop the disease from spreading. Farmers are losing their money and the general election has been postponed as politics are also affected. This story will attract most readers for different reasons: farmers will want to know the latest information as it affects their business; any member of the public will want to an update on the disease as it affects the food they buy; and the people interested in the Government will want to know the date for the election.Also, animal-lovers will be concerned about the disease. Considering the stereotypes and statistics of the two different newspapers, it is clear that the two different newspapers will have different types of articles regarding the foot and mouth story. One can expect The Guardian to focus on the political side of any story and how business is affected by the news. The reader of The Daily Mail can predict to read less about politics, but about personal views and their opinions to the story. The Guardian focuses on the political side of the foot and mouth disease.It contains information on the latest news about the election and what the Government is planning to do about the crisis. The reporter is an environment correspondent and is trying not to be biased. Instead, he quotes the NFU president as he is more biased. This suggests that the newspaper aims to be as fair as possible and to produce mainly facts for its readers. This indicates that the reader does not want to read any gossip, but news that can inform them of the latest. The Daily Mail focuses on a personal point of view;It was when Blackie caught his eye that it really hit Leyland Branfield. This gives an emotional view about a specific farmer. It is the introduction to the article and makes the reader question who Blackie and Leyland Branfield are, encouraging them to read on. This, along with the heading, makes the article sound like it is a story. This will attract more readers. The heading of The Guardian is less attractive than The Daily Mail; Ministers gamble on mass cull This is the main headline and tells the reader that the main story is focused on politics.The word gamble is emotive language, which could suggest to the reader that Labour is lacking control or giving up. This will attract readers, as it is close to the election, and if Labour is not achieving what they should, the public could change their mind on who to vote for. In addition, there is a small article next to this about Labour, proving that the Government is a subject that most readers are concerned about. Some of the language used in the two different newspapers is quite different. However, a few techniques are used in both papers.

US Neutrality Acts of the 1930s and the Lend-Lease Act

US Neutrality Acts of the 1930s and the Lend-Lease Act The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws enacted by the United States government between 1935 and 1939 that were intended to prevent the United States from becoming involved in foreign wars. They more-or-less succeeded until the imminent threat of World War II spurred passage of the 1941 Lend-Lease Act (H.R. 1776), which repealed several key provisions of the Neutrality Acts. Key Takeaways: Neutrality Acts and Lend-Lease The Neutrality Acts, enacted between 1935 and 1939, were intended to prevent the United States from becoming involved in foreign wars.In 1941, the threat of World War II drove passage of the Lend-Lease Act repealing key provisions of the Neutrality Acts.Championed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Lend-Lease Act authorized the transfer of U.S. arms or other war materials to Britain, France, China, the Soviet Union, and other nations threatened by the Axis powers without the requirement of monetary repayment. Isolationism Spurred the Neutrality Acts Although many Americans had supported President Woodrow Wilson’s 1917 demand that Congress help create a world â€Å"made safe for democracy† by declaring war on Germany in World War I, the Great Depression of the 1930s spurred a period of American isolationism that would persist until the nation entered World War II in 1942. Many people continued to believe that World War I had involved mainly foreign issues and that America’s entry into the bloodiest conflict in human history had mainly benefited U.S. bankers and arms dealers. These beliefs, combined with the people’s ongoing struggle to recover from the Great Depression, fueled an isolationist movement that opposed the nation’s involvement future foreign wars and financial involvement with the countries fighting in them. The Neutrality Act of 1935 By the mid-1930s, with war in Europe and Asia imminent, the U.S. Congress took action to ensure U.S. neutrality in foreign conflicts. On August 31, 1935, Congress passed the first Neutrality Act. The primary provisions of the law banned the export of â€Å"arms, ammunition, and implements of war† from the United States to any foreign nations at war and required U.S. arms makers to apply for export licenses. â€Å"Whoever, in violation of any of the provisions of this section, shall export, or attempt to export, or cause to be exported, arms, ammunition, or implements of war from the United States, or any of its possessions, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both †¦,† stated the law. The law also specified that all arms and war materials found being transported from the U.S. to any foreign nations at war, along with the â€Å"vessel, or vehicle† carrying them would be confiscated. In addition, the law placed American citizens on notice that if they attempted to travel to any foreign nation in a war zone, they did so at their own risk and should not expect any protection or intervention on their behalf from the U.S. government. On February 29, 1936, Congress amended the Neutrality Act of 1935 to prohibit individual Americans or financial institutions from loaning money to foreign nations involved in wars. While President Franklin D. Roosevelt initially opposed and considered vetoing the Neutrality Act of 1935, he signed it in the face of strong public opinion and congressional support for it.   The Neutrality Act of 1937 In 1936, the Spanish Civil War and the growing threat of fascism in Germany and Italy boosted support for further expanding the scope of the Neutrality Act. On May 1, 1937, Congress passed a joint resolution known as the Neutrality Act of 1937, which amended and made the Neutrality Act of 1935 permanent. Under the 1937 Act, U.S. Citizens were barred from traveling on any ship registered to or owned by any foreign nation involved in ​a  war. In addition, American merchant ships were forbidden from carrying arms to such â€Å"belligerent† nations, even if those arms were made outside of the United States.  The president was given the authority to ban all ships of any sort belonging to nations at war from sailing in U.S. waters. The Act also extended its prohibitions to apply to nations involved in civil wars, like the Spanish Civil War. In one concession to President Roosevelt, who had opposed the first Neutrality Act, the 1937 Neutrality Act gave the president the authority to allow nations at war to acquire materials not considered â€Å"implements of war,† such as oil and food, from the United States, provided the material was immediately paid for – in cash – and that the material was carried only on foreign ships. The so-called â€Å"cash-and-carry† provision had been promoted by Roosevelt as a way to Help Great Britain and France in their looming war against the Axis Powers. Roosevelt reasoned that only Britain and France had enough cash and cargo ships to take advantage of the â€Å"cash-and-carry† plan. Unlike other provisions of the Act, which were permanent, Congress specified that that â€Å"cash-and-carry† provision would expire in two years. The Neutrality Act of 1939 After Germany occupied Czechoslovakia in March of 1939, President Roosevelt asked Congress to renew the â€Å"cash-and-carry† provision and expand it to include arms and other materials of war. In a stinging rebuke, Congress refused to do either. As the war in Europe expanded and the Axis nations’ sphere of control spread, Roosevelt persisted, citing the Axis threat to the freedom of America’s European allies. At last, and only after lengthy debate, Congress relented and in November of 1939, enacted a final Neutrality Act, which repealed the embargo against the sale of arms and placed all trade with nations at war under the terms of â€Å"cash-and-carry.† However, the prohibition of U.S. monetary loans to belligerent nations remained in effect and U.S. ships were still prohibited from delivering goods of any kind to countries at war. The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 By late 1940, it had become unavoidably apparent to Congress that the growth of the Axis powers in Europe could eventually threaten the lives and freedom of Americans. In an effort to help the nations fighting the Axis, Congress enacted the Lend-Lease Act (H.R. 1776) in March 1941. The Lend-Lease Act authorized the President of the United States to transfer arms or other defense-related materials – subject to ​the  approval of funding by Congress – to the â€Å"government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States† at no cost to those countries. Permitting the president to send arms and war materials to Britain, France, China, the Soviet Union, and other threatened nations without payment, the Lend-Lease plan allowed the United States to support the war effort against the Axis without becoming engaged in battle. Viewing the plan as drawing America closer to war, Lend-Lease was opposed by influential isolationists, including Republican Senator Robert Taft. In debate before the Senate, Taft stated that the Act would â€Å"give the president power to carry on a kind of undeclared war all over the world, in which America would do everything except actually put soldiers in the front-line trenches where the fighting is.† Among the public, opposition to Lend-Lease was led by the America First Committee. With a membership of over 800,000, including national hero Charles A. Lindbergh, America First challenged Roosevelt’s every move. Roosevelt took complete control of the program, quietly sending Sec. of Commerce Harry Hopkins, Sec. of State Edward Stettinius Jr., and diplomat W. Averell Harriman on frequent special missions to London and Moscow to coordinate Lend-Lease overseas. Still acutely aware of public sentiment for neutrality, Roosevelt saw to it that details of Lend-Lease expenditures were hidden away in the overall military budget and not allowed to become public until after the war. It is now known that a total of $50.1 billion- about $681 billion today- or about 11% of the total U.S. war expenditures went to Lend-Lease. On a country-by-country basis, U.S. expenditures broke down as follows: British Empire: $31.4 billion (about $427 billion today)Soviet Union: $11.3 billion (about $154 billion today)France: $3.2 billion (about $43.5 billion today)China: $1.6 billion (about to $21.7 billion today) By October 1941, the overall success of the Lend-Lease plan in assisting the allied nations prompted President Roosevelt to seek the repeal of other sections of the Neutrality Act of 1939. On October 17, 1941, the House of Representatives overwhelmingly voted to repeal the section of the Act prohibiting the arming of U.S. merchant ships. A month later, following a series of deadly German submarine attacks on U.S. Navy and merchant ships in international waters, Congress repealed the provision that had barred U.S. ships from delivering arms to belligerent seaports or â€Å"combat zones.† In retrospect, the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s allowed the U.S. Government to accommodate the isolationist sentiment held by a majority of the American people while still protecting America’s security and interests in a foreign war. The Lend-Lease agreements provided that the countries involved would repay the United States not with money or returned goods, but with â€Å"joint action directed towards the creation of a liberalized international economic order in the postwar world.† Meaning the U.S. would be repaid when the recipient country helped the U.S. fight common enemies and agreed to join new world trade and diplomatic agencies, such as the United Nations. Of course, the isolationists’ hopes of America maintaining any pretense of neutrality in World War II ended on the morning of December 7, 1942, when the Japanese Navy attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.